joimax® Endoscopes

joimax® endoscopes are available in a variety of designs to provide optimal access to individual pathology with the smallest possible trauma and the largest possible working space. For this purpose, the endoscopes differ in outer diameter, working channel diameter, optical angle, irrigation channel diameter, working length and overall length. The possibility of irrigation and suction with joimax® endoscopes allows a constant full view of the operating field.

The Right Endoscope for Every Indication

iLESSYS Endoscope in Action in a workshop environment. A surgeon performs the minimally invasive endoscopic interlaminar approach to the pathology with a joimax laminoscope.

All segments of the spine can be treated with joimax® endoscopes. 

biportal interlaminar surgical approach performed with endoscope and forceps of iLESSYS® Biportal by joimax®.

Both, transforaminal and interlaminar accesses to the spinal canal are possible as well as intradiscal interventions.

In addition, spinal endoscopy enables targeted pain treatment at facet joints and the sacroiliac joint (SIJ).

TESSYS Foraminoscop Ocular ; minimally invasive spine surgery ; Joimax ; endoscopy

Two Options to Connect a Camera

→ Combo / C-Version

User-friendly combined camera cable adapter for camera and light source in single cable technology. To be used with the joimax® Camsource® LED system.

→ Ocular / O-Version

Camera and light source with separate cable (two-cable technology; ocular funnel technology). Can be used with most commercially available camera and light source systems.

Brilliant Visibility up to 4K UHD

The latest generation of joimax® endoscopes provides an excellent view in the entire surgical field and are adapted to the specific fields of application, indications and pathologies. With the complete 4K UHD system, you get the perfect image: camera, endoscope and screen complement each other perfectly and lead to the best image quality.

Endoscopes at a Glance for Various Procedures

Different spinal pathologies and access routes place specific demands on visualization, working channels, and instrument handling. The overview below shows how joimax® endoscopes are configured for transforaminal, interlaminar, cervical, pain treatment, and intradiscal procedures used in endoscopic spine surgery.

Transforaminal Procedures

Foraminoscopes® for Transforaminal Procedures

Foraminoscopes® are part of the TESSYS® (Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgical System) systems. They are available in four versions. The TESSYS® method uses the transforaminal access via the Kambin triangle to remove a herniated disc or to treat a foramen stenosis. Herniated discs and sequestering tissue are removed directly through the foramen, which is gradually extended with special reamers or drills.

Even recess stenoses are treated transforaminal with joimax® Shaver Blades for gentle removal of soft and bony tissue. Foraminoscopes® are available in three lengths, depending on the spinal segment to be treated. The respective outer diameters are selected accordingly. The 45° optical angle of the smaller Foraminoscope® thoracic is ideal for full visualization in small spaces, especially in the thoracic region.

Tessys foraminoscope by joimax ; minimally invasive spine surgery ; endoscopic spine surgery ; Tessys ; Tessys XT ; Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgical System ; transforaminal access ; remove a herniated disc ; treat a foramen stenosis ; removing tissue
Picture of the Tessys Trans SAP Endoscope by Joimax ; for endoscopic minimally invasive spine surgery ; endoscopic spine surgery
Picture shows Tessys foraminoscope by joimax ; minimally invasive spine surgery ; endoscopic spine surgery ; Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgical System ; transforaminal access ; remove a herniated disc ; treat a foramen stenosis ; removing tissue

Interlaminar Procedures

Laminoscopes® for Interlaminar Procedures

Laminoscopes® are available in four versions. They are used for interlaminar decompression or deherniation, especially of the lower lumbar spine with its large interlaminar windows. joimax® has defined the term iLESSYS®(InterLaminar Endoscopic Surgical System) method for this.
The iLESSYS®  standard system is characterized by the smaller Laminoscope®, which is also used for pain treatment of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ).
iLESSYS® Pro enables ipsi- and contralateral intraspinal bony decompression/deherniation due to the larger endoscope length.
With the iLESSYS® Delta system, even central stenoses can be completely treated. It allows comprehensive removal of bony structures due to its larger working tube.
iLESSYS® Biportal features a working channel separate from the endoscope. The click-on endoscope shaft in combination with the instrument-side working tube with integrated seal ensures a controlled, unidirectional irrigation flow.

picture shows Ilessys endoscope by joimax ; minimally invasive spine surgery ; endoscopic spine surgery ; smaller Laminoscope ; InterLaminar Endoscopic Surgical System ; pain treatment of the sacroiliac joint ; SIJ
picture shows Ilessys delta endoscope by joimax ; minimally invasive spine surgery ; endoscopic spine surgery ; Laminoscope ; InterLaminar Endoscopic Surgical System ; central stenoses treatment ; large working tube ; comprehensive removal of bony structures
picture shows Ilessys pro endoscope by joimax ; minimally invasive spine surgery ; endoscopic spine surgery ; Laminoscope ; InterLaminar Endoscopic Surgical System ; used for interlaminar decompression or deherniation ; lower lumbar spine ; larger endoscope length ; enables ipsi and contralateral intraspinal bony decompression/deherniation
Illustration of the Ilessys Biportal Endoscope by Joimax ; for endoscopic minimally invasive spine surgery ; Illustration of the width of the channel ; 30 degree angle

Cervical Procedures

Endoscopes for Cervical Procedures

Cervical disc herniations and spinal canal stenoses can be treated with special ventral or dorsal endoscopes. The small cervical hybridscope is integrated into the CESSYS® (Cervical Endoscopic Surgical System) Ventral System and enables ventral access through the intervertebral disc space. With the larger Laminoscope® CESSYS® Dorsal, larger decompressions and deherniations can be treated within the cervical spinal canal via the posterior access.

Picture shows Cessys Dorsal Endoscope by joimax ; Cervical Endoscopic Surgical System ; minimally invasive spine surgery ; endoscopic spine surgery ; treatment for larger decompression and deherniations ; cervical spinal canal ; cervical spinal canal ; posterior access
Picture shows the Cessys ventral endoscope by joimax ; for endoscopic spine surgery ; for disc herniations and spinal canal stenose ; ventral access ; Cervical Endoscopic Surgical System ; laminoscope

Pain Treatment Procedures

Endoscopes for Facet Joint and Sacroiliac Joint Procedures

The MultiZYTE® (Endoscopic Facet and Sacroiliac Treatment Set) Facet Method uses the endoscope for minimally invasive pain treatment of the facet joints. This system is also used in the thoracic and lower cervical area. MultiZYTE® Sacroiliac is used for the treatment of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) with a Laminoscope®. In both cases, hypertrophic and inflammatory tissue are removed, the joint capsule is opened, and the pain-conducting nerve of the dorsal ramus medialis or the pain-conducting nerves emerging from the sacral foramina are treated. Various RF/HF probes, Legato® (monopolar and bipolar) and Vaporflex® are used, which are operated with the Endovapor®2.

Picture shows the Multizyte endoscope by joimax ; for endoscopic spine surgery ; minimally invasive ; Endoscopic facet and sacroiliac treatment set ; minimally invasive pain treatment ; used in thoracic and lower cervical area ; hypertrophic and inflammatory tissue are removed
Picture shows the Multizyte Facet cervical endoscope by joimax ;

Intradiscal Procedures

Endoscopes for Intradiscal Procedures

joimax® offers two nucleus therapy sets for the intradiscal treatment of nerve compression and discogenic pain. Using nucleoscopes, the volume of the nucleus pulposus is reduced under visual control to achieve decompression of the nerve root. The intENTS® (Interventional Endoscopic Surgical System) Lumbar System contains the regular nucleoscope, while the intENTS® Cervical System uses the smaller nucleoscope Cervical for fine structures and very small spaces.

Picture shows Endoscope for Intradiscal procedures by joimax ; intens cervical ; Interventional Endoscopic Surgical System ; minimally invasive spine surgery ; endoscopic spine surgery ; nucleoscope ; intradiscal treatment of nerve compression and discogenic pain ; decompression of the nerve root
Picture shows Endoscope for Intradiscal procedures by joimax ; intens Lumbar ; Interventional Endoscopic Surgical System ; minimally invasive spine surgery ; endoscopic spine surgery ; nucleoscope

HofHolder

The Ergonomic Revolution for Spinal Endoscopy

Introducing the HofHolder — the revolutionary ergonomic grip designed specifically for spinal endoscopy. Developed together with Dr. Hofstetter, this innovative tool significantly reduces strain on surgeons, particularly those with smaller hands, providing a more comfortable and controlled experience during complex procedures.

The iLESSYS® method demands exceptional dexterity and concentration. Coordinating the endoscope, camera head, and instruments while controlling the working tube can be fatiguing. The HofHolder’s ergonomic design creates a form-fitting shape, making it easier to manage the weight of the Laminoscope® and camera cable while maintaining precise control over the working tube and instruments.

This empowers you to execute every procedure with confidence and precision. Manufactured using advanced 3D printing techniques and fully autoclavable, the HofHolder elevates your surgical practice — where comfort meets cutting-edge technology.

endoscopic spine decompression, reduces strain on surgeons, more comfort, manage the weight, precise control
Contact
Back to Products

Selected Literature for TESSYS®

[1] Initial learning curve after switching to uniportal endoscopic discectomy for lumbar disc herniations
Olinger C, Coffman A, Campion C, Thompson K, Gardocki R; Eur Spine J 2023

[2] A comparative study of percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy and transforaminal discectomy for L5-S1 calcified lumbar disc herniation
Cheng Y-P, Cheng X-K, Wu H; BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders (2022) 23: 244

[3] Clinical efficacy of transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy for lumbar degenerative diseases: A minimum 6-year follow-up
Tang J, Li Y, Wu C, Xie W, Li X, Gan X, Lu Q; Front Surg (2022) 9: 1004709

[4] Comparison of Interlaminar and Transforaminal Approaches for Treatment of L5/S1 Disc Herniation by Percutaneous Endoscopic Discectomy
Gao A, Yang H, Zhu L, Hu Z, Lu B, Jin Q, Wang Y, Gu X; Orthop Surg (2021) 13: 63–70

[5] Comparative Analysis of Transforaminal Endoscopic Thoracic Discectomy and Microscopic Discectomy for Symptomatic Thoracic Disc Herniation
Bae J, Kim J, Lee S-H, Kim J-S; Neurospine (2022) 19: 555–562

[6] Treatment of Refractory Multilevel Thoracic Spondylodiscitis Using Ultra-Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Approach for Debridement and Drainage: A Technical Note, Intraoperative Video and Literature Review
Barber SM, Sofoluke N, Reardon T, Telfeian A, Konakondla S; World Neurosurgery (2022)

[7] Full Endoscopic Surgery for Thoracic Pathology: Next Step after Mastering Lumbar and Cervical Endoscopic Spine Surgery?
Bae J, Lee S-H, Wagner R, Shen J, Telfeian AE; BioMed Research International (2022): e8345736

[8] Endoscopic Spine Surgery of the Cervicothoracic Spine: A Review of Current Applications
Shen J, Shaaya E, Bae J, Telfeian AE; Int J Spine Surg (2021) 15: S93–S103

[9] Full endoscopic surgery for thoracic pathology: an assessment of supportive evidence
Gibson R, Wagner R, Gibson A; EOR, volume 6, January 2021

[10] Fully Endoscopic 360° Decompression Surgery for Thoracic Spinal Stenosis: Technical Note and Report of 8 Cases
Shen J, Telfeian AE; Pain Physician (2020) 23: E659–E663

[11] Percutaneous Endoscopic Thoracic Decompression for Thoracic Spinal Stenosis Under Local Anesthesia
Cheng X-K, Chen B; World Neurosurgery (2020) 139: 488–494

Further Literature for TESSYS®

  • Sofoluke N, Leyendecker J, Hofstetter CP, Konakondla S. Full endoscopic resection of ventral thoracic osteophyte and repair of spontaneous CSF leak. Neurosurgical Focus: Video 2024; 10: V17.
  • Terkelsen JH, Hundsholt T, Bjarkam CR. Lumbar percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy: a retrospective survey on the first 172 adult patients treated in Denmark. Acta Neurochir 2024; 166: 155.
  • Shen J, Park DK, Telfeian AE. Thoracic Spine Endoscopic Techniques. Seminars in Spine Surgery 2024; : 101085.
  • Hagel V, Dymel F, Werle S, Barrera V, Farshad M. Combined endoscopic and microsurgical approach for the drainage of a multisegmental thoracolumbar epidural abscess: illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons 2023; 6: CASE23230.
  • Kim HS, Wu PH, Jang I-T. Technical note on Uniportal full endoscopic posterolateral approach transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with reduction for grade 2 spondylolisthesis. Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery 2020; 21: 100712.
  • Şentürk S, Ünsal ÜÜ. Percutaneous endoscopic translaminar approach in a patient with pedicle screw malposition and cement leakage. Br J Neurosurg 2023; 37: 1157–1159.
  • Derman PB, Rogers-LaVanne MP, Satin AM. Collagen Matrix Inlay Graft for Management of Incidental Durotomy During Full-Endoscopic Lumbar Spine Surgery: Technique and Case Series. Int J Spine Surg 2023; 17: 399–406.
  • Telfeian AE, Wagner R. Transforaminal endoscopic thoracic discectomy: surgical technique. Journal of Spine Surgery 2023; 9: 166–175.
  • Gardocki RJ, Chandler PJ, Vaughan WE, Zuckerman SL, Abtahi AM, Stephens BF. Endoscopic transforaminal treatment of a thoracic perineural cyst: a case report. Eur Spine J 2023. doi:10.1007/s00586-023-07582-y.
  • Olinger C, Coffman A, Campion C, Thompson K, Gardocki R. Initial learning curve after switching to uniportal endoscopic discectomy for lumbar disc herniations. Eur Spine J 2023. doi:10.1007/s00586-023-07583-x.
  • Wang Y, Wu J, Wang T, Liu Y, Jiang M, Wang Z et al. Modified lumbar foraminoplasty using a power-aided reciprocating burr for percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy: A technical note and clinical report. Front Surg 2023; 9: 1091187.
  • wang. Postoperative Upper-limb Palsy After Posterior Percutaneous Endoscopic Cervical Foraminotomy and Discectomy. https://www.painphysicianjournal.com/current/abstracts?article=NzU5Ng%3D%3D (accessed 15 Nov2022).
  • Clinical Outcomes of Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy Assisted With Sequential SNRB in Treating Lumbosacral Contiguous Double-Level Disc Herniation. https://www.painphysicianjournal.com/current/abstracts?article=NzU1OA%3D%3D (accessed 27 Oct2022).
  • Barber SM, Sofoluke N, Reardon T, Mongelluzzo G, Weiner GM, Hofstetter C et al. Full Endoscopic Repair of Spontaneous Ventral CSF Leaks in the Spine: Systematic Review of Surgical Treatment Options and Illustrative Case. World Neurosurgery 2022. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2022.10.039.
  • Tang J, Li Y, Wu C, Xie W, Li X, Gan X et al. Clinical efficacy of transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy for lumbar degenerative diseases: A minimum 6-year follow-up. Front Surg 2022; 9: 1004709.
  • Lee J-K, Chung S-W, Lee S-H, Shin Y-H, Park C-H. Comparative Study of Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy and Open Lumbar Microdiscectomy for Treating Cauda Equina Syndrome. J Minim Invasive Spine Surg Tech 2022. doi:10.21182/jmisst.2022.00542.
  • Hagan MJ, Remacle T, Leary OP, Feler J, Shaaya E, Ali R et al. Navigation Techniques in Endoscopic Spine Surgery. BioMed Research International; : 12.
  • Krzok G. Transpedicular Endoscopic Surgery for Highly Downmigrated L5-S1 Disc Herniation. Case Rep Med 2019; 2019: 5724342.
  • Bing N, Tao D, Wei S, Guang L, Hongwei Z. Percutaneous Endoscopic C2-C3 Medial Branches Neurotomy for Cervicogenic Headache. World Neurosurgery 2019; 126: 498–501.
  • Wu B, Xiong C, Huang B, Zhao D, Yao Z, Yao Y et al. Clinical Outcomes of TESSYS and TESSYS-ISEE Approach on Treatment of Lateral Recess Stenosis: A Comparison Study. In Review, 2020 doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-44921/v1.
  • Telfeian AE, Oyelese A, Fridley J, Ali R, Cielo D, Gokaslan ZL. A Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgical Technique for Treating Lumbar Disc Herniation in the Setting of Spina Bifida. Case Reports in Neurological Medicine 2020; 2020: 1–6.
  • Liu X, Peng Y, Pei L, Zhu Y. Sufficient Lumbar Lateral Recess Decompression Acquired by Undercutting “Superior Articular Process Neck” Plus Intervertebral Disk Annuloplasty in Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgery. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26. doi:10.12659/MSM.921119.
  • Giordan E, Del Verme J, Coluzzi F, Canova G, Billeci D. Full-endoscopic transpedicular discectomy (FETD) for lumbar herniations: Case report and review of the literature. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 2020; 72: 137–141.
  • Telfeian AE, Doberstein C, Oyelese AA, Fridley J, Donahue JE, Gokaslan Z. A Transforaminal Endoscopic Approach for Treatment of a Lumbar Perineural Cyst: Technical Note. World Neurosurgery 2019; 127: 85–91.
  • Shu W, Zhu H, Liu R, Li Y, Du T, Ni B et al. Posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical foraminotomy and discectomy for degenerative cervical radiculopathy using intraoperative O-arm imaging. wiitm 2019; 14: 551–559.
  • Hagan MJ, Telfeian AE, Sastry R, Ali R, Lewandrowski K-U, Konakondla S et al. Awake transforaminal endoscopic lumbar facet cyst resection: technical note and case series. J Neurosurg Spine 2022; : 1–8.
  • Barber SM, Sofoluke N, Reardon T, Telfeian A, Konakondla S. Treatment of refractory multilevel thoracic spondylodiscitis using ultra-minimally invasive endoscopic approach for debridement and drainage: a technical note, intraoperative video and literature review. World Neurosurgery 2022. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2022.08.034.
  • Bajaj A, Telfeian AE. Pediatric Applications of Endoscopic Spine Surgery. Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery 2022; : 101642.
  • Krzok G, Telfeian AE, Wagner R, Iprenburg M. Transpedicular endoscopic surgery for lumbar spinal synovial cyst-report of two cases. J Spine Surg 2016; 2: 310–313.
  • Kim J, Lee DC, Kim TH, Park CK. Full Endoscopic Interlaminar Contralateral Lumbar Foraminotomy for Recurrent L5-S1 Foraminal-extraforaminal Stenosis: A Case Report with a Technical Note. J Minim Invasive Spine Surg Tech 2022. doi:10.21182/jmisst.2022.00528.
  • Percutaneous full-endoscopic C2 ganglionectomy for the treatment of intractable occipital neuralgia: technical feasibility and preliminary results. 2022. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1755585/v1.
  • Telfeian AE, Bajaj A, Sastry R, Ali R, Oyelese A, Fridley J et al. Foraminal Access Strategies in Patients with Lumbar Posterolateral Fusions in Transforaminal Endoscopic Spine Surgery: Case Series and Technical Note. Pain Physician 2022; : 8.
  • Bae J, Lee S-H, Wagner R, Shen J, Telfeian AE. Full Endoscopic Surgery for Thoracic Pathology: Next Step after Mastering Lumbar and Cervical Endoscopic Spine Surgery? BioMed Research International 2022; 2022: e8345736.
  • Kravtsov MN, Manukovsky VA, Mirzametov SD, Malysheva OV, Averyanov DA, Svistov DV. Percutaneous Transforaminal Full-Endoscopic Removal of Neurinoma of the Fifth Lumbar Nerve Root With Intraoperative Neuromonitoring: A Case Report. Front Surg 2022; 9: 877974.
  • Moraes Amato MC, Aprile BC, Esteves LA, Carneiro VM, Oliveira RS de. Full Endoscopic Thoracic Discectomy: Is the Interlaminar Approach an Alternative to the Transforaminal Approach? A Technical Note. Int J Spine Surg 2022; 16: 309–317.
  • Xiao C, Yin W, Zhao K, Luo J, Huang W, Liu W. Early Clinical Efficacy of Endo-TLIF in the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation. Z Orthop Unfall 2022. doi:10.1055/a-1795-4038.
  • Telfeian AE, Sastry R, Oyelese A, Fridley J, Camara-Quintana JQ, Niu T et al. Awake, Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Spine Surgery in Octogenarians: Case Series. Pain Physician 2022; 25: E255–E262.
  • Yao S, Ouyang B, Lu T, Chen Q, Luo C. Treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy with posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy: Short-term outcomes of 24 cases. Medicine 2020; 99: e20216.
  • Telfeian AE. Transforaminal endoscopic solution to disk reherniation post-mini-TLIF: Case report. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2015; 131: 69–71.
  • Jasper GP, Francisco GM, Telfeian AE. Clinical success of transforaminal endoscopic discectomy with foraminotomy: A retrospective evaluation. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2013; 115: 1961–1965.
  • Wagner R, Telfeian AE, Iprenburg M, Krzok G, Gokaslan Z, Choi DB et al. Transforaminal Endoscopic Foraminoplasty and Discectomy for the Treatment of a Thoracic Disc Herniation. World Neurosurg 2016; 90: 194–198.
  • Youn MS, Shon MH, Seong YJ, Shin JK, Goh TS, Lee JS. Clinical and radiological outcomes of two-level endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy. Eur Spine J 2017; 26: 2450–2458.
  • Yang H, Li P, Jia N, Jin X, Ding W, Zhang W. Effect and effectiveness analysis of different approaches of transforaminal endoscope on extirpation amount of nuclues pulposus. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018; 32: 933–940.
  • Kosztowski TA, Choi D, Fridley J, Galgano M, Gokaslan Z, Oyelese A et al. Lumbar disc reherniation after transforaminal lumbar endoscopic discectomy. Ann Transl Med 2018; 6: 106.
  • Choi K-C, Lee JH, Kim J-S, Lee DC, Park CK. Combination of Transforaminal and Interlaminar Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Diskectomy for Extensive Down-migrated Disk Herniation. J Neurol Surg Part A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2018; 79: 60–65.
  • Yang H, Li P, Jia N, Wang J, Jin X. Comparison of different transforaminal endoscope approaches in treatment of serious lumbar disc herniation. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020; 34: 300–307.
  • Xu Z, Zheng J-C, Sun B, Zhang K, Wang Y-H, Shi C-G et al. Bi-needle technique versus transforaminal endoscopic spine system technique for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy in treating intervertebral disc calcification: a propensity score matched cohort analysis. Br J Neurosurg 2020; : 1–6.
  • Manson J. Endoscopic spine surgery – Now and looking towards the future. Eur Musculoskelet Rev 2012; 7: 82–86.
  • Jasper GP, Francisco GM, Aghion D, Telfeian AE. Technical considerations in transforaminal endoscopic discectomy with foraminoplasty for the treatment of spondylolisthesis: Case report. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2014; 119: 84–87.
  • Wu J, Yu B, He B, Liu G, Ju J, Zhu J. Outcome Predictors of the Transforaminal Endoscopic Spine System Technique for Single-level Lumbar Disk Herniation. J Neurol Surg Part A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2018; 79: 285–290.
  • Telfeian AE, Jasper GP, Francisco GM. Transforaminal endoscopic treatment of lumbar radiculopathy after instrumented lumbar spine fusion. Pain Physician 2015; 18: 179–184.
  • Telfeian AE, Oyelese A, Fridley J, Doberstein C, Gokaslan ZL. Prognosis for recovery of foot drop after transforaminal endoscopic decompression of far lateral lumbar 5-sacral 1 herniated disc: Case series. Pain Phys 2019; 22: E97–E103.
  • Jin M, Zhang J, Shao H, Liu J, Huang Y. Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative lumbar diseases: A consecutive case series with mean 2-year follow-up. Pain Phys 2020; 23: 165–174.
  • Jin M, Xu G, Shen T, Zhang J, Shao H, Liu J et al. Minimally invasive surgery for low-grade spondylolisthesis: Percutaneous endoscopic or oblique lumbar interbody fusion. J Comp Eff Res 2020; 9: 639–650.
  • Bae J, Lee S-H. Percutaneous endoscopic thoracic discectomy on upper thoracic spine. Global Spine J 2018; 8: 9S.
  • Jin M, Lei L, Li F, Zheng B. Does Robot Navigation and Intraoperative Computed Tomography Guidance Help with Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy? A Match-Paired Study. World Neurosurg 2021; 147: e459–e467.
  • Qin H, Deng L, Xu L, Mu Q, Luo X, Huang S et al. Puncture and localization for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy with C-arm navigation: a randomized controlled cadaver trial. Ann Transl Med 2021; 9: 1730.
  • Wu B, Wei T, Yao Z, Yang S, Yao Y, Fu C et al. A real-time 3D electromagnetic navigation system for percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy in patients with lumbar disc herniation: a retrospective study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2022; 23: 57.
  • Shen J, Shaaya E, Bae J, Telfeian AE. Endoscopic Spine Surgery of the Cervicothoracic Spine: A Review of Current Applications. Int J Spine Surg 2021; 15: S93–S103.
  • Gao A, Yang H, Zhu L, Hu Z, Lu B, Jin Q et al. Comparison of Interlaminar and Transforaminal Approaches for Treatment of L 5 /S 1 Disc Herniation by Percutaneous Endoscopic Discectomy. Orthop Surg 2021; 13: 63–70.
  • Telfeian AE. Endoscopic foraminotomy for recurrent lumbar radiculopathy after TLIF: Technical report. Surg Neurol Int 2015; 6: 62.
  • Telfeian AE, Moldovan K, Shaaya E, Syed S, Oyelese A, Fridley J et al. Awake, Endoscopic Revision Surgery for Lumbar Pseudarthrosis After Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Technical Notes. World Neurosurgery 2020; 136: 117–121.
  • Ao S, Wu J, Tang Y, Zhang C, Li J, Zheng W et al. Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy Assisted by O-Arm-Based Navigation Improves the Learning Curve. Biomed Res Int 2019; 2019: 6509409.
  • Zhou Z, Ni H-J, Hu S, Fan Y-S, Wang C-F, Chen X et al. Original Designed Uniportal-Bichannel Spinal Endoscopic System (UBiSES) for Foraminoplasty in Percutaneous Endoscopic Transforaminal Discectomy. Orthop Surg 2021. doi:10.1111/os.13050.
  • Telfeian AE, Veeramani A, Zhang AS, Quinn MS, Daniels AH. Transforaminal 360° lumbar endoscopic foraminotomy in postfusion patients: technical note and case series. J Neurosurg Spine 2021; : 1–7.
  • Telfeian AE, Oyelese A, Fridley J, Gokaslan ZL. Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgical Treatment for Posterior Migration of Polyetheretherketone Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Cage: Case Series. World Neurosurg 2021; 147: e437–e443.
  • Telfeian AE, Oyelese A, Fridley J, Camara-Quintana JQ, Niu T, Gokaslan ZL. Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgical Treatment for Postlaminectomy Lumbar Radiculopathy: Case Series. World Neurosurg 2021; 150: e577–e584.
  • Yu Y, Jiang Y, Xu F, Mao Y, Yuan L, Li C. A novel vertebral trench technique (VTT) involving transforaminal endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy (TELF) for very highly up-migrated lumbar disc herniation above L5. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021; 22: 693.
  • Wu J, Liu H, Ao S, Zheng W, Li C, Li H et al. Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Technical Note and Preliminary Clinical Experience with 2-Year Follow-Up. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018: 5806037.
  • Middleton SD, Wagner R, Gibson JA. Multi-level spine endoscopy: a review of available evidence and case report. EFORT open reviews 2017; 2: 317–323.
  • Tacconi L, Spinelli R, Serra G, Signorelli F, Giordan E. Full-Endoscopic Removal of Lumbar Juxtafacet Cysts: A Prospective Multicentric Study. World Neurosurgery 2020; 141: e414–e422.
  • Porto GBF, Cisewski SE, Wolgamott L, Frankel BM. Clinical outcomes for patients with lateral lumbar radiculopathy treated by percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy versus tubular microdiscectomy: A retrospective review. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 2021; 208: 106848.
  • Krzok G, Telfeian AE, Wagner R, Hofstetter CP, Iprenburg M. Contralateral facet-sparing sublaminar endoscopic foraminotomy for the treatment of lumbar lateral recess stenosis: technical note. J Spine Surg 2017; 3: 260–266.
  • Hussain I, Rapoport BI, Krause K, Kinney G, Hofstetter CP, Elowitz E. Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy and Foraminotomy with Modified Radiofrequency Nerve Stimulator and Continuous Electromyography Under General Anesthesia. World Neurosurg 2020; 137: 102–110.
  • Konakondla S, Sofoluke N, Xia J, Grant R, Telfeian AE, Hofstetter CP et al. Transforaminal Endoscopic Approach for Large-Sample Tumor Biopsy using Beveled Working Channel for Core Technique: A Technical Note. World Neurosurg 2020; 141: 346–351.
  • Jasper GP, Francisco GM, Telfeian AE. Endoscopic transforaminal discectomy for an extruded lumbar disc herniation. Pain Physician 2013; 16: E31-35.
  • Lin Y-P, Wang S-L, Hu W-X, Chen B-L, Du Y-X, Zhao S et al. Percutaneous Full-Endoscopic Lumbar Foraminoplasty and Decompression by Using a Visualization Reamer for Lumbar Lateral Recess and Foraminal Stenosis in Elderly Patients. World Neurosurg 2020; 136: e83–e89.
  • Chen C, Ma X, Zhao D, Yang H, Xu B, Wang Z et al. Full Endoscopic Lumbar Foraminoplasty with Periendoscopic Visualized Trephine Technique for Lumbar Disc Herniation with Migration and/or Foraminal or Lateral Recess Stenosis. World Neurosurg 2021; 148: e658–e666.
  • Xiong C, Li T, Kang H, Hu H, Han J, Xu F. Early outcomes of 270-degree spinal canal decompression by using TESSYS-ISEE technique in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis combined with disk herniation. Eur Spine J 2019; 28: 78–86.
  • Li J, Xu C, Zhang X, Xi Z, Liu M, Fang Z et al. TELD with limited foraminoplasty has potential biomechanical advantages over TELD with large annuloplasty: an in-silico study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021; 22: 616.
  • Kim HS, Wu PH, Jang I-T. Lumbar Degenerative Disease Part 1: Anatomy and Pathophysiology of Intervertebral Discogenic Pain and Radiofrequency Ablation of Basivertebral and Sinuvertebral Nerve Treatment for Chronic Discogenic Back Pain: A Prospective Case Series and Review of Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21: E1483.
  • Telfeian AE. An awake, minimally-invasive, fully-endoscopic surgical technique for treating lumbar radiculopathy secondary to heterotopic foraminal bone formation after a minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with BMP: technical note. J Spine Surg 2018; 4: 162–166.
  • Li X, Jin L, Lv Z, Su X, Wang K, Shen H et al. Efficacy of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic decompression treatment for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis in elderly patients. Exp Ther Med 2019. doi:10.3892/etm.2019.8337.
  • Jing Z, Li L, Song J. Delayed neurological deficits caused by cement extravasation following vertebroplasty: a case report. J Int Med Res 2021; 49: 03000605211019664.
  • Syed S, Telfeian AE, Houle P, Wagner R, Oyelese A, Fridley J et al. Four Complications Associated with Lateral and Oblique Fusion Treatable with Endoscopic Spine Surgery: Technical Note and Case Series. Pain Physician 2020; 23: E665–E671.
  • Gibson JNA, Subramanian AS, Scott CEH. A randomised controlled trial of transforaminal endoscopic discectomy vs microdiscectomy. Eur Spine J 2017; 26: 847–856.
  • Pan F, Shen B, Chy SK, Yong Z, Liu X, Ba Z et al. Transforaminal endoscopic system technique for discogenic low back pain: A prospective Cohort study. Int J Surg 2016; 35: 134–138.
  • Telfeian AE, Shen J, Ali R, Oyelese A, Fridley J, Gokaslan ZL. Incidence and Implications of Incidental Durotomy in Transforaminal Endoscopic Spine Surgery: Case Series. World Neurosurg 2020; 134: e951–e955.
  • Shen J, Telfeian AE, Shaaya E, Oyelese A, Fridley J, Gokaslan ZL. Full endoscopic cervical spine surgery. J Spine Surg 2020; 6: 383–390.
  • Telfeian AE, Shen J, Shaaya E, Oyelese A, Fridley J, Gokaslan Z. Transforaminal Endoscopic Solutions for Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Complications. World Neurosurg 2020; 143: e122–e126.
  • Shen J, Telfeian AE. Fully Endoscopic 360° Decompression Surgery for Thoracic Spinal Stenosis: Technical Note and Report of 8 Cases. Pain Physician 2020; 23: E659–E663.
  • Telfeian AE, Oyelese A, Fridley J, Doberstein C, Gokaslan ZL. Endoscopic surgical treatment for symptomatic spinal metastases in long-term cancer survivors. J Spine Surg 2020; 6: 372–382.
  • Konakondla S, Nakhla J, Xia J, Barber SM, Fridley JS, Oyelese AA et al. A Novel Endoscopic Technique for Biopsy and Tissue Diagnosis for a Paraspinal Thoracic Tumor in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report. Int J Spine Surg 2021; 14: S66–S70.
  • Gibson RDS, Wagner R, Gibson JNA. Full endoscopic surgery for thoracic pathology: an assessment of supportive evidence. EFORT Open Rev 2021; 6: 50–60.
  • Deng H-L, Gao W-J, Zhu J-W, Wang X-D, Zhou J-S. [Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic TESSYS technique for the treatment of bilateral lumbar disc herniation in single segment]. Zhongguo Gu Shang 2018; 31: 1041–1045.
  • Bae J, Chachan S, Shin S-H, Lee S-H. Transforaminal endoscopic thoracic discectomy with foraminoplasty for the treatment of thoracic disc herniation. J Spine Surg 2020; 6: 397–404.
  • Ouyang Z-H, Tang M, Li H-W, Zou M-X, Li X-L, Wang W-J et al. Full-Endoscopic Foraminoplasty Using a Visualized Bone Reamer in the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Retrospective Study of 80 Cases. World Neurosurg 2021; 149: e292–e297.